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System overview

How a hybrid solar system works

See how solar panels, battery storage, a hybrid inverter and the grid work together through the day, for systems from a small home up to 100 kWp of panels and 100 kWh of battery.

A day with hybrid solar in Nairobi

Illustration with approximate figures

Modelled from public data: in November, Nairobi averages about 4.2 kWh of solar per kWp each day (Global Solar Atlas), with sunrise near 06:30 and sunset near 18:35. Grid power costs about KES 28 per kWh. Real results depend on roof, weather and habits.

Solar panels
2.0 kW
3 kWp array
Home
0.3 kW
10 kWh a day
Hybrid inverter
Solar only
13:00
Grid
1.7 kW spare
About KES 28 per kWh
Battery
Idle
100% of 5 kWh
Power through the day (kW) Solar Home use

13:00 · solar 2.0 kW · home 0.3 kW

012300:0006:0012:0018:0023:0000:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.21 kW01:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.21 kW02:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.21 kW03:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.21 kW04:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.21 kW05:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.30 kW06:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.85 kW07:00: solar 0.14 kW, home 0.77 kW08:00: solar 0.52 kW, home 0.43 kW09:00: solar 1.04 kW, home 0.30 kW10:00: solar 1.56 kW, home 0.30 kW11:00: solar 1.95 kW, home 0.30 kW12:00: solar 2.10 kW, home 0.34 kW13:00: solar 1.97 kW, home 0.30 kW14:00: solar 1.60 kW, home 0.30 kW15:00: solar 1.09 kW, home 0.30 kW16:00: solar 0.56 kW, home 0.34 kW17:00: solar 0.16 kW, home 0.47 kW18:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.77 kW19:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.85 kW20:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.77 kW21:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.60 kW22:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.38 kW23:00: solar 0.00 kW, home 0.26 kW
Solar produced
≈ 13 kWh a day
Bought from the grid
≈ 2.5 kWh a day
Home use covered by solar
≈ 75%
Approximate saving
≈ KES 6,300 a month

About 4.7 kWh of solar a day is left over once the battery is full. It can be exported only where a net-metering arrangement is in place; otherwise a bigger battery or more daytime use puts it to work.

Assumptions behind these figures

From real data

  • Solar yield for Nairobi in November: 4.23 kWh per kWp per day, the Global Solar Atlas long-term average (Solargis satellite data) at the county centre.
  • No live forecast in use, so the day follows the November average. A cloudy day or the long rains produce less.
  • Sunrise about 06:30 and sunset about 18:35, worked out from Nairobi's longitude. On the equator days last about 12 hours all year.
  • Grid price about KES 28 per kWh (September 2026): the domestic energy charge of KES 18.57 (homes using over 100 kWh a month), about KES 4.16 in monthly pass-through charges, the REP and ERC levies and 16% VAT. Homes pay the same rate at every hour, so the hourly grid cost is simply kWh times that rate.

Assumed

  • Home use follows a typical Kenyan pattern: early-morning and evening peaks and a fridge running all night. Your own bill will differ.
  • Lithium battery kept between 10% and 100%, about 95% efficient each way, used before buying from the grid.
  • The saving counts grid kWh avoided only. Monthly fixed charges and the cost of the system are not included.
Hourly table

Solar follows the November average for Nairobi. Grid cost is each hour's grid kWh at about KES 28 per kWh.

HourSolar kWHome kWGrid kWGrid KESBattery
00:000.000.210.00013%
01:000.000.210.09210%
02:000.000.210.21610%
03:000.000.210.21610%
04:000.000.210.21610%
05:000.000.300.30810%
06:000.000.850.852410%
07:000.140.770.631810%
08:000.520.430.00012%
09:001.040.300.00026%
10:001.560.300.00050%
11:001.950.300.00081%
12:002.100.340.000100%
13:001.970.300.000100%
14:001.600.300.000100%
15:001.090.300.000100%
16:000.560.340.000100%
17:000.160.470.00094%
18:000.000.770.00077%
19:000.000.850.00059%
20:000.000.770.00043%
21:000.000.600.00031%
22:000.000.380.00023%
23:000.000.260.00017%

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